Environmental effects of tunnel excavation in soft and shallow ground with EPBM: the case of Istanbul

Ibrahim Ocak

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Environmental effects of tunnel excavation in soft and shallow ground with EPBM: the case of Istanbul

機(jī)譯：EPBM在軟弱地基中開挖隧道的環(huán)境影響：以伊斯坦布爾為例

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In metro tunnel excavations, it is important to control surface settlements observed before and after excavation, which may cause damage to surface structures. Otherwise, the metro tunnel cannot perform the task expected, and the advantages of the tunnel are lost. In this study, short-term surface settlements and their effect on buildings are examined in three zones for twin tunnels, which have been excavated between the Otogar and Kirazli 1 stations of the Istanbul Metro line, and are 5.8 km in length. Geology in the study area is composed of fill, stiff clay, dense sand, very dense sand, and hard clay, respectively, starting from the surface. Tunnels are excavated by using two Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machines (EPBMs) with a 6.5 m diameter as twin tubes with 14 m distance from center to center. The EPBM in the right tube is followed about 100 m behind the other tube. Segmental lining with 1.4 m of length is currently employed as final support. The results of this study indicate that, with EPBM excavation method in shallow depths and soft grounds, the damage done to the environment prolonged project costs up to 15.8% more. In addition, tunnel conditions prolonged the project schedule to 29.3%.

機(jī)譯：在地鐵隧道的開挖中，重要的是控制在開挖前后觀察到的地面沉降，這可能會(huì)損壞地面結(jié)構(gòu)。否則，地鐵隧道將無法執(zhí)行預(yù)期的任務(wù)，并且會(huì)失去隧道的優(yōu)勢(shì)。在這項(xiàng)研究中，我們?cè)谝了固共紶柕罔F三號(hào)線的Otogar和Kirazli 1站之間開挖了三個(gè)長(zhǎng)為5.8 km的雙隧道，研究了短期地面沉降及其對(duì)建筑物的影響。研究區(qū)域的地質(zhì)分別從地表開始，由填土，硬質(zhì)粘土，致密砂，非常致密砂和硬質(zhì)粘土組成。隧道是使用兩臺(tái)直徑為6.5 m的土壓平衡隧道掘進(jìn)機(jī)（EPBM）作為雙管開挖的，其中心到中心的距離為14 m。右管中的EPBM在另一管后方大約100 m處。目前采用長(zhǎng)度為1.4 m的分段襯砌作為最終支撐。這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果表明，在淺深度和軟土地基上采用EPBM開挖方法，對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞延長(zhǎng)了項(xiàng)目成本，增幅高達(dá)15.8％。此外，隧道條件將項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度延長(zhǎng)至29.3％。

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來源
《Environmental Geology》 |2009年第2期|347-352|共6頁
作者
Ibrahim Ocak;
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作者單位

IETT General Directorate, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Karakoy, Istanbul, Turkey Mining Engineering Department, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey;

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正文語種 eng
中圖分類
關(guān)鍵詞
surface settlement; building damage; shallow urban tunnel; EPBM;

機(jī)譯：表面沉降建筑損壞;淺城市隧道EPBM;

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專利

1. Excavation failure due to pipeline damage during shallow tunnelling in soft ground [J] . Yanjuan Hou, Qian Fang, Dingli Zhang, Tunnelling and underground space technology . 2015,第feba期

機(jī)譯：軟弱地層淺埋隧道施工中由于管道損壞造成的開挖失敗
2. Prevention of the ground subsidence by using the foot reinforcement side pile during the shallow overburden tunnel excavation in unconsolidated ground [J] . Cui Ying, Kishida Kiyoshi, Kimura Makoto Tunnelling and underground space technology . 2017,第MARa期

機(jī)譯：在疏松地面淺埋隧道開挖過程中，利用腳加固側(cè)樁防止地面塌陷
3. Discussion on the mechanism of ground improvement method at the excavation of shallow overburden tunnel in difficult ground [J] . Kiyoshi Kishida, Ying Cui, Masaichi Nonomura, Underground Space . 2016,第2期

機(jī)譯：困難地層淺埋隧道開挖地面改良方法機(jī)理探討
4. Surface Settlements Due to a Shallow Tunnel Excavation in Soft Ground: A Case Study of the Zizhi Tunnel in Hangzhou, China [C] . Penglu Gan, Yu Zhao, Xiaowu Tang, ITA-AITES world tunnel congress . 2016

機(jī)譯：軟土地基中淺埋隧道開挖引起的地表沉降-以杭州紫芝隧道為例
5. Interaction between shallow foundations and unlined soft ground tunnels. [D] . Yoo, Chungsik. 1993

機(jī)譯：淺層地基與無襯砌軟土地基隧道之間的相互作用。
6. Use of Automatic Target Recognition System for the Displacement Measurements in a Small Diameter Tunnel Ahead of the Face of the Motorway Tunnel During Excavation [O] . Jure Klop?i?, Toma? Ambro?i?, Ale? Marjeti?, 2008

機(jī)譯：在開挖過程中使用自動(dòng)目標(biāo)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行高速公路隧道前面小直徑隧道的位移測(cè)量
7. Discussion on the mechanism of ground improvement method at the excavation of shallow overburden tunnel in difficult ground [O] . Kiyoshi Kishida, Ying Cui, Masaichi Nonomura, 2016

機(jī)譯：淺談淺埋暗挖隧道開挖地基處理機(jī)理

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Environmental effects of tunnel excavation in soft and shallow ground with EPBM: the case of Istanbul

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