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首頁> 美國衛生研究院文獻>Elsevier Sponsored Documents >Impact of reduced tillage on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon stocks in an organic grass-clover ley - winter wheat cropping sequence
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Impact of reduced tillage on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon stocks in an organic grass-clover ley - winter wheat cropping sequence

機譯：有機三葉草-冬小麥種植順序中耕作減少對溫室氣體排放和土壤碳儲量的影響

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Organic reduced tillage aims to combine the environmental benefits of organic farming and conservation tillage to increase sustainability and soil quality. In temperate climates, there is currently no knowledge about its impact on greenhouse gas emissions and only little information about soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in these management systems. We therefore monitored nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes besides SOC stocks for two years in a grass-clover ley – winter wheat – cover crop sequence. The monitoring was undertaken in an organically managed long-term tillage trial on a clay rich soil in Switzerland. Reduced tillage (RT) was compared with ploughing (conventional tillage, CT) in interaction with two fertilisation systems, cattle slurry alone (SL) versus cattle manure compost and slurry (MC). Median N2O and CH4 flux rates were 13 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1 and −2 μg CH4C m−2 h−1, respectively, with no treatment effects. N2O fluxes correlated positively with nitrate contents, soil temperature, water filled pore space and dissolved organic carbon and negatively with ammonium contents in soil. Pulse emissions after tillage operations and slurry application dominated cumulative gas emissions. N2O emissions after tillage operations correlated with SOC contents and collinearly to microbial biomass. There was no tillage system impact on cumulative N2O emissions in the grass-clover (0.8–0.9 kg N2O-N ha−1, 369 days) and winter wheat (2.1–3.0 kg N2O-N ha−1, 296 days) cropping seasons, with a tendency towards higher emissions in MC than SL in winter wheat. Including a tillage induced peak after wheat harvest, a full two year data set showed increased cumulative N2O emissions in RT than CT and in MC than SL. There was no clear treatment influence on cumulative CH4 uptake. Topsoil SOC accumulation (0–0.1 m) was still ongoing. SOC stocks were more stratified in RT than CT and in MC than SL. Total SOC stocks (0–0.5 m) were higher in RT than CT in SL and similar in MC. Maximum relative SOC stock difference accounted for +8.1 Mg C ha−1 in RT-MC compared to CT-SL after 13 years which dominated over the relative increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Under these site conditions, organic reduced tillage and manure compost application seems to be a viable greenhouse gas mitigation strategy as long as SOC is sequestered.
機譯：減少有機耕作旨在將有機耕作和保護性耕作的環境效益結合起來，以提高可持續性和土壤質量。在溫帶氣候下，目前尚不了解其對溫室氣體排放的影響，在這些管理系統中，關于土壤有機碳（SOC）儲備的信息很少。因此，我們在草苜蓿（冬小麥）覆蓋作物序列中監測了除了SOC存量以外的一氧化二氮（N2O）和甲烷（CH4）通量。該監測是在瑞士的富含粘土的土壤上進行的有機管理的長期耕作試驗中進行的。在兩個施肥系統（單獨的牛糞（SL）與牛糞堆肥和糞便（MC））的相互作用下，將耕作減少（RT）與耕作（常規耕作，CT）進行了比較。 N2O和CH4的通量中位數速率為13μgN2O-N m ?2 h -1 和?2μgCH4C m ?2 h -1 ，沒有任何治療效果。 N2O通量與硝酸鹽含量，土壤溫度，含水孔隙空間和溶解的有機碳呈正相關，與土壤中的銨含量呈負相關。耕作和施用泥漿后的脈沖排放量占累積氣體排放量的大部分。耕作后的N2O排放與SOC含量相關，并與微生物生物量共線。耕作制度對三葉草（0.8–0.9 kg N2O-Nha -1 ，369天）和冬小麥（2.1–3.0 kg N2O-Nha < sup> ?1 ，296天）的播種季節，冬小麥的MC排放高于SL排放。包括兩年小麥收割后的耕作誘導的高峰在內，整整兩年的數據表明，RT上的累積N2O排放量比CT和MC上的累積N2O都高。累積的CH4攝取對治療沒有明顯影響。表土SOC累積（0-0.1 m）仍在進行中。相對于CT，在SOC中，SOC的股票層次比SL更明顯。 RT的總SOC儲量（0-0.5 m）高于SL的CT和MC的相似。與CT-SL相比，RT-MC在13年后的最大相對SOC儲量差異為+8.1 Mg Cha -1 ，這主要是溫室氣體排放量的相對增加。在這些場所條件下，只要隔離SOC，減少有機耕作和肥料堆肥的施用似乎是可行的溫室氣體減排策略。

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