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miRNA nanotherapeutics: potential and challenges in respiratory disorders

機譯:miRNA納米療法:呼吸系統疾病的潛力和挑戰

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摘要

Chronic respiratory disorders are among the most common causes of severe illness and death worldwide. Globally, approximately around 4 million people die annually prematurely due to chronic respiratory diseases [ ]. miRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that are used to suppress protein translation in order to modulate gene expression. Alterations in miRNA?abundance can be observed both in the lung tissue and in the inflammatory cells, as regulators of the disease [ , ]. miRNAs are therefore considered as potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for respiratory diseases namely, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and fibrosis. Several miRNAs have been identified, especially in the let-7 family, miR-10, miR-26, miR-30, miR-34, miR-99, miR-122, miR-124, miR-122, miR-140, miR-145, myR-146, miR-190, miR-192, miR-219, miR-222 and miR-223 [ ], which downregulate their expressions during respiratory disorders. Nevertheless, there is an emerging need to resolve numerous physicochemical and biological challenges associated with miRNAs, particularly, off-target effects, in order to obtain an effective delivery. This commentary, in particular, addresses the challenges associated with the use of miRNAs and the advantages of nonviral methods of delivery in respiratory diseases.
機譯:慢性呼吸系統疾病是世界范圍內嚴重疾病和死亡的最常見原因。在全球范圍內,每年約有400萬人死于慢性呼吸道疾病[]。 miRNA是小的非編碼RNA分子,可用于抑制蛋白質翻譯以調節基因表達。作為疾病的調節劑,在肺組織和炎性細胞中都可以觀察到miRNA豐度的變化[,]。因此,miRNA被認為是呼吸系統疾病的潛在生物標志物和新的治療靶標,即哮喘,慢性阻塞性肺疾病,肺癌和纖維化。已經鑒定了幾種miRNA,特別是在let-7家族中,miR-10,miR-26,miR-30,miR-34,miR-99,miR-122,miR-124,miR-122,miR-140, miR-145,myR-146,miR-190,miR-192,miR-219,miR-222和miR-223 [],可在呼吸系統疾病中下調其表達。然而,為了獲得有效的傳遞,迫切需要解決與miRNA相關的許多物理化學和生物學挑戰,特別是脫靶效應。該評論特別解決了與miRNA使用相關的挑戰以及呼吸道疾病中非病毒遞送方法的優勢。

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