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首頁> 外文學位 >Roosting ecology of bats in a disturbed landscape.
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Roosting ecology of bats in a disturbed landscape.

機譯：蝙蝠棲息生態在一個受干擾的景觀中。

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In 2007 and 2008, I examined roost selection of forest-interior dwelling northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies in stands treated with prescribed fire (hereafter, fire) and in unburned (hereafter, control) stands on the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Using radio telemetry, I tracked 36 female northern myotis to 69 roost trees; 25 in the fire treatment and 44 in the control treatment. Using logistic regression and an information-theoretic model selection approach, I determined that within the fire treatment, northern myotis maternity colonies were more likely to use cavity trees that were smaller in diameter, higher in crown class, and located in stands with lower basal area, gentler slopes, and higher percentage of fire-killed stems than random trees. Moreover, roosts often were surrounded by trees that were in the upper crown classes. In the control treatment, northern myotis were more likely to roost nearer the tops of larger diameter cavity trees in early stages of decay that were surrounded by decaying trees in the upper crown classes than random trees. Roost trees in the fire treatment were associated with larger overall canopy gaps than roost trees within the control treatment. Regardless of treatment, northern myotis maternity colonies roosted in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) in greater proportion than its availability.;At the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, I examined roost networks of northern myotis in forest stands subjected to prescribed fire and those that were not in 2007--2009. I determined that northern myotis did conform to fission-fusion models, forming social groups whose roost areas and roost networks overlapped to some extent. Roost networks largely resembled scale-free network models, 61% of which had single identifiable central node roost trees on which the remainder of the roost trees in the network centered. In control, i.e., unburned, treatments, central node roost trees were in early stages of decay and surrounded by higher basal area than other trees within the networks. In prescribed fire treatments, central node roost trees were smaller in diameter, lower in the forest canopy, and surrounded by lower basal area than other trees in the networks. Compared to central node roost trees in control treatments, those in prescribed fire treatments had higher amounts of bark coverage. My results indicate that northern myotis form social groups that roost in networks of trees that center on a central node roost tree that is selected based on surrounding basal area and decay stage. Forest disturbances such as prescribed fire may result in changes to roost networks through inputs in suitable roost trees by senescence and creation of forest canopy gaps.;Forest disturbances, particularly permanent land use conversions, may fragment, isolate, and concentrate summer populations of philopatric bats, potentially resulting in genetically definable subpopulations. Also, subpopulations may be distinguishable at large spatial scales, regardless of forest disturbances and other land use conversions. I examined genetic structuring of the forest-interior dwelling northern myotis at multiple spatial scales, from watershed to regional, in West Virginia and New York. I genotyped microsatellites at 18 nuclear loci from 174 individuals. In many cases, loci in subpopulations that I defined a priori based on spatial attributes departed from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; those loci that were in equilibrium were inconsistent at differentiating subpopulations based on spatial scale. My results indicate that some level of genetic structuring is evident among northern myotis, but this structuring could not be attributed solely to geographic location. It is likely that the ability to migrate relatively long distances, exploit small forest patches, and use networks of swarming sites located throughout the Appalachian Mountain range has allowed northern myotis to maintain high gene flow regardless of forest disturbances resulting in habitat patchiness at local and regional spatial scales.;Understanding the management impact, positive or negative, of prescribed fire on endangered Indiana myotis (Myotis sodalis) roosting habitat is of paramount interest to resource managers in the Appalachian Mountains and elsewhere. From 2001 to 2009, we examined roost selection of Indiana myotis in burned and unburned forests in Tucker County, West Virginia. Our research indicates that use of fire for forest management purposes, at minimum provoked no response from Indiana myotis in terms of roost tree selection, but rather created additional roost resources, suggesting prescribed fire can be an effective management tool for Indiana myotis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
機譯：在2007年和2008年，我檢查了西弗吉尼亞州Fernow實驗林中經過規定火處理（以下稱為火）和未燃燒（以下稱為對照）的林分居室內北部鼠耳蝠（Myotis septentrionalis）產區的棲息地選擇。 。利用無線電遙測技術，我追蹤了36頭雌性北部鼠耳目到69棵棲木。在防火處理中為25，在對照處理中為44。通過邏輯回歸和信息理論模型選擇方法，我確定在大火處理中，北部鼠耳目的產婦群落更有可能使用直徑較小，樹冠級別較高且位于基部面積較低的林分的空洞樹。 ，比平整的樹木更平緩的坡度和較高的防火莖百分比。此外，棲息地通常被樹冠上的樹木所包圍。在對照處理中，在腐爛的早期，北部的鼠耳蝠更有可能棲息在大直徑腔樹的頂部，而這些樹被上部樹冠等級的腐爛樹所包圍，而不是隨機的樹。與對照處理中的棲木相比，火處理中的棲木具有更大的總體冠層間隙。不管如何處理，北部蝗蟲的產地棲息在黑刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）中的比例超過其可用性。;在西弗吉尼亞州的Fernow實驗森林中，我檢查了遭受規定火燒的林分中北部芒oti的棲息網絡。不在2007--2009年。我確定北部的鼠耳類確實符合裂變融合模型，形成了棲息地和棲息網絡在某種程度上重疊的社會群體。棲息地網絡在很大程度上類似于無標度網絡模型，其中61％的樹具有單個可識別的中央節點棲息地樹，網絡中其余的棲息地樹以其為中心。在控制中，即未燃燒的處理中，中心節點棲息的樹處于腐爛的早期，被比網絡中其他樹更高的基礎面積所包圍。在規定的防火措施中，與網絡中的其他樹木相比，中央節點棲息的樹木直徑較小，林冠中的樹木較小，并且被較低的基礎區域包圍。與對照處理中的中心節點棲息樹相比，采用規定的防火處理的樹具有更高的樹皮覆蓋率。我的結果表明，北部的鼠耳蝠形成了以樹網絡為棲居的社會群體，這些樹的網絡中心是根據周圍的基礎區域和腐爛階段選擇的中心節點棲息樹。森林干擾（例如，規定的火災）可能會通過衰老和形成森林冠層間隙而通過輸入合適的棲息樹而導致棲息網絡的變化；森林干擾（尤其是永久性的土地利用轉換）可能會破碎，隔離和集中夏季的蝙蝠種群，可能會導致基因上可定義的亞群。同樣，無論森林受到干擾和其他土地利用如何轉換，亞種群在較大的空間尺度上都是可以區分的。我檢查了西弗吉尼亞州和紐約州從分水嶺到區域性的多個空間尺度上森林內部居住的北部鼠耳蝠的遺傳結構。我對來自174個個體的18個核基因座進行了微衛星基因分型。在許多情況下，我根據空間屬性定義先驗的亞群中的基因座與哈迪-溫伯格平衡不同。那些處于平衡狀態的基因座在根據空間規模區分亞群方面不一致。我的結果表明，在北部的鼠耳蝠中有一定程度的遺傳結構，但是這種結構不能僅僅歸因于地理位置。遷徙距離相對較長，開發小片森林并利用遍布阿巴拉契亞山脈的群居點網絡的能力很可能使北部鼠耳蝠保持高基因流量，而不受森林干擾導致局部和區域生境斑塊的影響了解明火對瀕臨滅絕的印第安納州Myotis（Myotis sodalis）棲息地的管理的正面或負面影響，是阿巴拉契亞山脈和其他地區的資源管理者最為關注的問題。從2001年到2009年，我們檢查了西弗吉尼亞州塔克縣燒毀和未燒毀森林中印第安納州的鼠耳蝠的棲息地。我們的研究表明，將火用于森林管理目的，至少不會引起印第安納勿忘我在樹棲樹選擇方面的反應，而是創造了更多的棲息資源，這表明處方火可以作為印第安納勿忘我的有效管理工具。 （摘要由UMI縮短。）

著錄項

  • 作者

    Johnson, Joshua B.;

  • 作者單位

    West Virginia University.;

  • 授予單位 West Virginia University.;
  • 學科 Agriculture Wildlife Management.;Biology Ecology.;Agriculture Forestry and Wildlife.
  • 學位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 頁碼 194 p.
  • 總頁數 194
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關鍵詞

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