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首頁> 外文學位 >Influence of local stress and strain on intergranular cracking of 316L stainless steel in supercritical water.
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Influence of local stress and strain on intergranular cracking of 316L stainless steel in supercritical water.

機譯：局部應力和應變對316L不銹鋼在超臨界水中的晶界開裂的影響。

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摘要

The objective of this study was to determine how the deformation propensities of individual grains of 316L stainless steel influence intergranular cracking behavior in supercritical water (SCW). The grain-to-grain variations in deformation propensities were estimated from the Schmid and Taylor factors of grains. Resulting stress inhomogeneities and strain incompatibilities which were evaluated to determine the conditions that promoted intergranular cracking in SCW.;Proton irradiation of 316L caused hardening and radiation induced depletion of chromium at grain boundaries and was found to increase intergranular cracking severity. The SCW environment increased the crack density on the gage surfaces of the specimen by a factor of 18 compared to a 400°C argon environment. Intergranular cracks preferentially occurred along grain boundaries oriented perpendicular to the tensile axis and adjacent to grains with low Schmid factors. The Schmid-Modified Grain Boundary Stress (SMGBS) model was developed to analyze local grain boundary stresses. The model was validated by showing that the Schmid factor dependence of cracking in SCW could be predicted from the trace inclination distribution, and confirmed that cracking was driven by the normal stresses acting on grain boundaries.;The similar dependencies of slip discontinuity and intergranular cracking on trace inclination, Schmid factor, Taylor factor, and grain boundary character suggest that slip discontinuity contributes to intergranular cracking. Grains with low Taylor factors decreased slip discontinuity propensity at grain boundaries with trace inclinations >50° because they provided multiple favorably oriented slip systems on which deformation could occur.;Grain boundary engineering reduced the intergranular cracking propensity of 316L stainless steel in SCW by virtue of the fact that special grain boundaries were more resistant to intergranular cracking in SCW than random high angle grain boundaries.;The findings of this study indicate that the intergranular cracking resistance of 316L stainless steel in a SCW environment would be greatest for a microstructure with a large population of grains with high Schmid factors (for a specified stress state), a high frequency of grain boundaries oriented nearly parallel to the tensile direction, and a large fraction of special grain boundaries.
機譯：這項研究的目的是確定316L不銹鋼單個晶粒的變形傾向如何影響超臨界水（SCW）中的晶間開裂行為。從晶粒的Schmid和Taylor因子估計了變形傾向的晶粒間差異。評估了應力不均勻性和應變不相容性，從而確定了促進SCW晶間開裂的條件。316L的質子輻照導致晶界處鉻的硬化和輻射誘導的鉻耗竭，并發現增加了晶間開裂的嚴重性。與400°C的氬氣環境相比，SCW環境使試樣的量規表面上的裂紋密度增加了18倍。晶間裂紋優先發生在垂直于拉伸軸并與低Schmid因子晶粒相鄰的晶界上。建立了施密特修正的晶界應力（SMGBS）模型來分析局部晶界應力。通過證明可以從痕量傾角分布預測SCW裂紋的Schmid因子依賴性來驗證模型，并證實了裂紋是由作用在晶界上的正應力驅動的;滑動不連續性和晶間裂紋的相似依賴性微量傾角，施密特因子，泰勒因子和晶界特征表明，滑動不連續性有助于晶間開裂。具有低泰勒因子的晶粒降低了痕跡傾角> 50°時在晶界處的滑動不連續性傾向，因為它們提供了多個可能會發生變形的良好取向的滑移系統;晶界工程降低了SCW中316L不銹鋼的晶間開裂傾向。特殊的晶界比隨機的大角度晶界更能抵抗SCW的晶界開裂。;這項研究的結果表明，在SCW環境中316L不銹鋼的晶界開裂阻力對于具有大晶粒的顯微組織來說是最大的。 Schmid因子高（對于指定的應力狀態），取向幾乎平行于拉伸方向的高晶界頻率和很大一部分特殊晶界的晶粒。

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  • 作者

    West, Elaine Ann.;

  • 作者單位

    University of Michigan.;

  • 授予單位 University of Michigan.;
  • 學科 Physics Nuclear.;Engineering Materials Science.
  • 學位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 頁碼 558 p.
  • 總頁數 558
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關鍵詞

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